Diet and nutrition Archive

In a 2025 study, people who followed a Mediterranean diet, reduced their calorie intake, exercised at least 150 minutes a week, and received weight-loss support lowered their diabetes risk and lost more weight than those who only followed a Mediterranean diet.

Overweight or obese men diagnosed with prediabetes who received counseling on healthy eating habits and online support significantly improved their diets and reduced their risk for developing diabetes, according to a 2025 study.

The gut microbiota contains trillions of microbes, including both good and bad bacteria. Good bacteria help digest food and absorb nutrients, regulate appetite, synthesize vitamins, and support the immune system. When the gut microbiota becomes unbalanced because of an increasing number of bad bacteria, problems can arise. Keeping the gut balanced and healthy involves eating more probiotics (foods containing good bacteria) and prebiotics (foods that help existing good bacteria grow).

In a 2025 study, skipping breakfast was associated with a 10% increased risk for metabolic syndrome, a disorder defined by having three or more of the following: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol.

Culinary salts such as Himalayan pink salt, kosher salt, fleur de sel, and flaky sea salt can lend a delightful crunch or flavor to foods. However, they consist largely of sodium chloride, just like table salt, and are no healthier. Consuming too much sodium is tied to increased risks for damage to the heart, kidneys, and brain. Dietitians advise using only a small pinch of a fancy salt, perhaps as a garnish or condiment, to satisfy taste buds without going overboard with the salt shaker.

Women over 60 need less iron than they did before menopause, when they lost iron through menstruation. Many conditions can lead to iron loss and iron-deficiency anemia, when the body can’t make enough red blood cells to properly carry oxygen throughout the body. Signs of iron deficiency include pale skin, fatigue, shortness of breath, weight loss, and chest pain. Tests can reveal iron deficiency and underlying reasons for iron loss. People should not take iron supplements without checking with their doctor. Too much iron can damage organs.

A 2025 study suggested that following a green-Mediterranean diet - which includes walnuts, green tea, and the aquatic plant Mankai - may be linked with slower brain aging.

The BRAT diet - which stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast - has long been recommended for people coping with diarrhea and vomiting. But adding oatmeal, cooked carrots, skinless chicken, and other bland foods is fine and provides nutrients needed to help people recover. People who have an upset stomach should avoid alcohol, caffeine, dairy products, sugary foods, and foods that are deep-fried, acidic, spicy, or high in fiber. They should also be sure to stay hydrated by drinking water, broth, diluted fruit juice, or weak, decaffeinated tea.

Eating two eggs per day doesn't appear to raise harmful LDL cholesterol, as long as people follow a diet low in saturated fat. Although eggs are high in cholesterol, dietary cholesterol doesn't have much of an effect on the amount in a person's bloodstream. But excess dietary saturated fat does raise blood cholesterol, which is why people should limit their saturated fat to 7% of their daily calories.

While a healthy eating plan is crucial for health, bending the rules on occasion probably won't hurt most people. One strategy to try is the 90-10 rule-eating healthy foods 90% of the time and splurging on unhealthy foods 10% of the time. For example, if someone eats three meals a day for a week, for a total of 21 meals, the person would be able to splurge on 10% (about two) of the meals. Dietitians warn that applying the 90-10 rule to every meal can lead to trouble, such as weight gain.