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This year’s flu season: Public health catastrophe or par for the course?

This winter flu activity has been higher than usual across the United States. If you have not gotten a flu shot yet, it’s not too late; some protection is better than none, plus there are other steps you can take to protect yourself and those around you.

The flu is here — and so is a new advisory from the CDC

If you have not yet gotten a flu shot, the CDC has issued an advisory for this season that may make you reconsider. The severity of the virus is stronger this year, and while the vaccine may not be as effective as in years past, some protection is better than none.

What’s new with the flu shot?

If you are planning to get a flu shot but have not yet done so, it may be worth waiting a little longer, as data on patients from four recent flu seasons found that protection against the virus declined over the course of the winter.

Should you take an antiviral drug when you get the flu?

One antiviral medication has drawn criticism, but it's still a treatment option.


 Image: © kowalska-art/Thinkstock

Bad case of the flu? Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza), may reduce symptoms and help you recover from the flu a day or two earlier. But oseltamivir came under fire a few months ago for a lack of effectiveness.

In June, the World Health Organization (WHO) removed oseltamivir from its list of essential medicines. "Their decision was based on the relatively low effectiveness of oseltamivir in clinical trials and clinical practice. I suspect this is due to a significant number of people who started therapy after their flu symptoms had been going on for more than two days," says Dr. Paul Sax, an infectious disease specialist and Harvard Medical School professor.

The flu shot saves children’s lives

Even though this year’s flu season is just about over, parents should be thinking about protecting their children next winter. Despite short-term reactions in some people, the flu shot is safe for nearly everyone.

Respiratory tract infection - Is it contagious?

"Stay away from me! I don't want to get sick, too." Most of us have had to utter those words to a family member, friend, or colleague who was sneezing or coughing incessantly. But how do we know how great the chances of catching someone's cold or other illness really are? A medical review published in the New England Journal of Medicine tells us when to exercise concern over eight respiratory tract infections.

Illness

(Infectious agent)

How it gets transmitted

Places of highest risk

Percent risk of infection

Bronchiolitis

(Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RSV)

Direct contact with ill person, large-droplets from coughs or sneezes, contact with tissues, linens, or other surfaces holding the virus

Homes, day-care centers

In day-care centers, 100% of exposed children become ill, previous infection somewhat lowers the risk

Flu

(Influenza viruses)

Direct contact with ill person, large- and tiny-droplets from coughs or sneezes

Homes, schools, bars, dormitories, areas with poor ventilation or recirculated air

20%-60% from a family member, only half of those infected will have symptoms of influenza

The common cold

(Rhinovirus)

Direct contact with ill person, large-droplets from coughs or sneezes, contact with tissues, linens, or other surfaces holding the virus

Homes, dormitories

66% from a family member

Tuberculosis

Tiny-droplets from coughs or sneezes

Homes, bars, dormitories, nursing homes, areas with poor ventilation

25%-50% with close contact with a person with active disease, prolonged exposure is usually required

Upper respiratory illness

(Adenoviruses)

Direct contact with ill person, large- and tiny-droplets from coughs or sneezes

Camps, schools, military camps

10% of those exposed may become ill, 40% among children, many infected individuals show no symptoms and infection leads to immunity from future infection

Strep throat, scarlet fever

(Group A Strep)

Direct contact with ill person, large-droplets from coughs or sneezes

Homes

10% from a family member

Bacterial meningitis

(Neisseria meningitides)

Direct contact with ill person, large-droplets from coughs or sneezes

Homes, schools, camps

2%-3% for a child whose sibling has active illness, 0.2%-0.4% for household contacts of the ill child, more than 95% of the time a second case of the disease does not follow a first.

Pneumococcal pneumonia

(Streptococcus pneumoniae)

Direct contact with ill person, large-droplets from coughs or sneezes

Day-care centers, homeless shelters, camps, prisons, nursing homes

Generally not regarded as contagious, risk of infection depends on one's general health

Antibiotics don’t speed recovery from asthma attacks

Winter is often a tough season for asthma sufferers, who generally more likely to become sick than those without asthma. It’s important for asthma patients to receive proper care when ill, and a recent study sheds new light on a common treatment that might not be the best course of action for most asthmatics.

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