Digestive Health Archive

Gut health plays a bigger role in overall well-being than many people realize, affecting digestion, mood, and immunity. Simple daily choices around food, movement, sleep, stress, and hydration can support a healthier, more resilient gut.

Dietary changes can make a big difference for people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Foods to limit or avoid include chocolate, onions, and tomato sauce. Adjusting eating habits-by eating smaller portions, for example-might also help people avoid heartburn and other symptoms.

People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often struggle with stress, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy and gut-directed hypnotherapy have the strongest evidence for treating these IBS-related issues. Other interventions like aerobic exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and biofeedback also may be helpful.

Pelvic floor exercises can involve strengthening or stretching the muscles that support the bladder, bowel, and core. The exercises can lead to better bladder and bowel control. They can also help improve sexual function.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune digestive condition triggered by gluten, a sticky protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. Celiac disease is typically diagnosed later in life, and occurs more often in women. Symptoms include intestinal distress, weight loss, rashes, fatigue, and nutrient deficiencies. Celiac patients must adopt a strictly gluten-free diet, which can be challenging after decades of eating gluten. Helpful strategies include creating gluten-free kitchen areas, buying naturally gluten-free items, and examining food labels.

Bowel preparation (prep) is considered the most unpleasant part of the colonoscopy process, but it's also crucial. A clean bowel helps the gastroenterologist more easily locate and remove polyps, small growths that can develop into cancer. If the prep is inadequate, the patient will have to repeat the process. Updated guidelines for gastroenterologists, published in 2025, can help them guide their patients to have more successful preps.

The gut microbiota contains trillions of microbes, including both good and bad bacteria. Good bacteria help digest food and absorb nutrients, regulate appetite, synthesize vitamins, and support the immune system. When the gut microbiota becomes unbalanced because of an increasing number of bad bacteria, problems can arise. Keeping the gut balanced and healthy involves eating more probiotics (foods containing good bacteria) and prebiotics (foods that help existing good bacteria grow).

The BRAT diet - which stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast - has long been recommended for people coping with diarrhea and vomiting. But adding oatmeal, cooked carrots, skinless chicken, and other bland foods is fine and provides nutrients needed to help people recover. People who have an upset stomach should avoid alcohol, caffeine, dairy products, sugary foods, and foods that are deep-fried, acidic, spicy, or high in fiber. They should also be sure to stay hydrated by drinking water, broth, diluted fruit juice, or weak, decaffeinated tea.

A diet low in sodium and rich in plant-based foods promotes a diverse, balanced population of gut microbes, which may help people maintain a healthy blood pressure. A salty diet increases the prevalence of bad microbes and reduces the number of beneficial microbes. When bad microbes accumulate in the gut, they form breakdown products and toxins that promote inflammation. Beneficial microbes feed on fiber, which is why a diet that provides a mix of healthy fiber from plant-based foods helps. These microbes produce short-chain fatty acids, which interact with specific receptors on cells that help regulate blood pressure.