Bones and joints Archive

Many people with gout are at increased risk for heart disease, possibly due to shared risk factors and the effects of chronic inflammation on the heart and blood vessels. Medication to treat gout, along with dietary changes and regular physical activity, can lower risks.

Carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist, is felt as numbness, tingling, and burning in the fingers, often at night. Early treatment with a wrist splint, ergonomic changes to keep the wrist in a straight position, and exercises can alleviate symptoms.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections use concentrated platelets from your blood to treat mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Research and guidelines support the use of PRP injections when pain and other symptoms persist despite exercise, physical therapy, and use of pain medications.

Lyme disease, transmitted by deer ticks, may not be detected early on. If left untreated, the infection can lead to Lyme arthritis, marked by joint swelling, often in the knee. Most cases respond to antibiotics, though some require additional treatment.

GLP-1 drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, used for diabetes and weight loss, may also reduce knee osteoarthritis pain and delay knee replacement surgery. In a large 2026 study, the use of any GLP-1 was linked to a reduced likelihood of knee replacement over eight years.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a nerve disease most often caused by compression, inflammation, or irritation of the tibial nerve inside the ankle. Symptoms include burning, tingling, and numbness in the foot. It may result from flat feet, injury, or swelling. Standard treatment involves physical therapy and shoes or orthotics with arch support.

A 2026 study of adults with degenerative meniscal tears found that, compared with no surgery, a procedure to trim the torn parts of the meniscus did not improve pain, function, or quality of life. Treatment should prioritize physical therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, and knee braces.

Gout is a form of arthritis caused by too much uric acid, which leaves the bloodstream and settles in joints. Uric acid crystals can form in joints, causing redness, swelling and pain—a gout flare. Drugs taken over a long term can lower uric acid levels and prevent flares.

A high ankle sprain is a type of injury to the lower leg. It commonly occurs when there is a sudden twisting movement of the foot away from the body that tears the ligaments attached to the lower leg bones, above the ankle joint.

Many older adults with scoliosis—a C- or S-shaped sideways spinal curve—aren’t aware of it. Others noticeably lean to one side, and some have pain and limited range of motion in the spine. Physical therapy, including core strengthening and improving the stability of the trunk, can help.