What can I expect during an endometrial biopsy?
Ask the doctor
Q. I’ve been postmenopausal for several years, but last month I noticed some spotting. My gynecologist wants to do an endometrial biopsy. What does that involve?
A. Any vaginal bleeding a year or more after your final period raises concern about the possibility of endometrial (uterine) cancer. Typically, doctors will first suggest an ultrasound to measure the thickness of the uterine lining, which offers important clues as to whether cancer may be triggering the bleeding. (Other possible causes of postmenopausal bleeding include thinning of vaginal tissue, noncancerous growths, and infection.) But an endometrial biopsy is the only way to rule out cancer of the uterine lining.
During the procedure, which takes about 15 minutes, your gynecologist will use a speculum to view your cervix. Then, while holding the cervix in place with another instrument, your doctor will insert a suction tube into the uterus to gather cells from the uterine lining. While this part of the biopsy takes only seconds, it can cause uncomfortable cramping. Anesthesia isn’t typically used since it requires inserting a needle into the cervix — a process that would also cause cramping.
After the biopsy, you may have mild cramping, bleeding, and soreness for about 48 hours. You’ll need to refrain from sex, heavy lifting, and other exertion for up to a week. Your doctor will likely have your biopsy results within a few days, though it may take longer. If results are abnormal, further testing may be warranted.
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