Diseases & Conditions Archive

Long COVID is the continuation or development of new symptoms three months after the initial infection from SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID) without any other explanation. An estimated 6% to 11% of adults who have had COVID have long COVID. Researchers continue to learn about how it affects people and its possible long-term risks. The best protection against long COVID is avoiding COVID infection by getting vaccinated and wearing a mask in crowded areas.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects roughly equal numbers of women and men. But the condition imposes a disproportionate burden on women—shaping symptoms, affecting reproductive decisions, and increasing risks of ominous downstream health effects. IBD can ramp up symptoms during menstruation, cause painful sex, and raise risks for iron-deficiency anemia and osteoporosis. Plus, some drugs used for IBD may raise the risk for cervical cancer.

People with asthma should be aware of seemingly harmless substances, such as wood smoke and candle scents that could worsen symptoms such as coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and shortness of breath. They should also get vaccinated against viral infections, see a specialist if necessary, keep watch for signs of a flare, and create a plan with their doctor to address flare-ups, which send millions of Americans to hospital emergency departments every year.

Lipedema is characterized by an abnormal and uneven buildup of fibrous, fatty tissue, typically in the buttocks and legs. The condition's prevalence is not precisely known, since lipedema is often misunderstood and misdiagnosed. In addition to cosmetic concerns, lipedema can lead to myriad physical effects, including pain, loose joints, easy bruising, and trouble walking. Treatments include compression stockings, use of pneumatic devices, a special type of massage, medications, liposuction, and exercise.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps redirect negative thoughts and emotions. It's often prescribed to help people cope with tinnitus (a phantom ringing in the ears). A 2024 study found that CBT is most likely to be beneficial when tinnitus symptoms are severe.

People with new gastrointestinal problems should consider if symptoms indicate a chronic or serious condition. If symptoms don't include bloody stools, fever, loss of bowel control, severe pain, or severe dehydration, doctors advise trying home remedies first. For example, heartburn might respond to over-the-counter medications and lifestyle changes (such as avoiding certain foods, eating smaller meals, and staying upright after eating), and then seeking help if symptoms don't resolve within a few weeks.

Migraine can carry a certain stigma that unfairly marks individuals with the condition. A 2024 study suggested that such stigma might be tied to increased disability and reduced quality of life for people struggling with this debilitating disease. To cope with migraine stigma, it helps to talk to a psychologist or join a migraine support group, educate loved ones, and talk to one's boss regarding accommodations needed to cope with migraine on the job.

All medicines have potential side effects. Usually, side effects are more bothersome than serious –– though a few are dangerous. If you experience a side effect, what are your options?