Vitamins & Supplements Archive

Taking a multivitamin does not reduce the chance of heart disease or mental decline, but it does reduce the risk of being diagnosed with cancer or developing cataracts.

Sleep supplements, such as cannabidiol (CBD), melatonin, valerian, and chamomile promise a better night's sleep. But there is little evidence showing that they are effective. In addition, supplements aren't regulated, so it's not always clear if a formula contains what's listed on the label. Experts say that behavioral strategies are a better way to improve sleep. These include getting more exercise, going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, and sleeping in a cool, dark room.

In 2022, Americans are projected to spend $35.6 billion on dietary supplements, even though there is little, if any, evidence of benefits. Loopholes in guidelines and clever marketing allow companies to promote these products with misleading promises. While some people may need specific supplements to help with deficiencies, for the average healthy person, following a diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables provides all essential vitamins and minerals.

The FDA will allow companies to make certain health claims regarding the consumption of magnesium and a reduced risk of high blood pressure. But the evidence for the link is inconclusive and inconsistent.

Like most vitamins, B₁₂ can't be made by the body and must be gotten from food or supplements. A B₁₂ deficiency –– which might stem from a vegan or vegetarian diet, or problems with absorption due to weight loss surgery or aging –– can seriously harm nerves, mood, thinking, energy, and more.

In December 2021, the FDA warned consumers about an increase in supplements tainted with harmful ingredients, particularly supplements promising male enhancement or weight loss.

A large, randomized Harvard study published online Dec. 21, 2021, by JAMA found that taking fish oil supplements didn't prevent depression in otherwise healthy older adults.

Probiotics can be helpful in some cases, but it's unclear whether they are safe for all older adults.