Diet & Weight Loss Archive

People with fluctuating numbers — like blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight — may be at higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and even death.

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Most people battle "yo-yoing" at some point, when their weight, blood pressure, or some other health number keeps going up and down.

On the surface, this may not seem like a problem if you routinely hit the healthy numbers. Yet new research suggests that fluctuations like this may pose a greater health risk than staying at a single level, even if it's not a perfect one.

On call

Q. My breasts have begun to feel swollen and seem larger. What could cause this, and should I be worried about any potential health issues?

A. Swollen breasts in men are almost always caused by either one or both of two conditions: excess fat deposition in the breasts, or growth of actual glandular breast tissue (gynecomastia). Fatty deposition occurs in overweight men and is always present in both breasts. With gynecomastia, the breasts have a firm or rubbery consistency. While it usually affects both breasts, it can affect one breast much more than the other.

A healthy diet should go heavy on vegetables and skip alcohol, sugary drinks, and processed foods.

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Most of the time when someone gets cancer, it's because of bad genes or bad luck. But as many as four in 10 cancers may be preventable. And diet likely plays an important role in reducing (or increasing) your risk.

It's no surprise that vegetables and fruits are thought to reduce cancer risk, according to Teresa Fung, adjunct professor in the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and faculty editor of Healthy Eating, a Special Health Report from Harvard Health Publishing (available at www.health.harvard.edu/special-health-reports). It probably also won't shock you to learn that bacon, fast food, and sugary drinks fall into the opposite category. But how can you know for sure which foods to eat and which to avoid?

Can you improve your health by changing your diet, even if you are unable to lose weight? Three studies examined different variations on the DASH diet, and all found improvements in blood pressure, plus lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in one instance — even without weight loss.

Researchers found that a low-carbohydrate diet helped people who had lost weight to avoid regaining it, but the length of time the participants were studied may not have been sufficient to affirm the results. Still, reducing carbohydrate intake may be a good idea if you are trying to keep off lost weight.

In the journals

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Low-dose aspirin therapy has been shown to help prevent heart attacks, but a study in the Aug. 4, 2018 issue of The Lancet suggests men who weigh more than 154 pounds may need higher doses. Researchers analyzed 10 trials that evaluated daily aspirin therapy for cardiovascular disease prevention in 120,000 men and women. The study participants had no history of heart or vascular disease. The researchers found that low-dose daily aspirin — 75 to 100 mg — was associated with reduced risk for heart attack and stroke among both men and women who weighed less than 154 pounds.

However, there was no significant effect for heavier patients. (About 80% of the men in the study were among this group.) The reason? The researchers speculated that people with more weight also have higher amounts of esterase, an enzyme that reduces how much aspirin is available in the body.

Trying to lose weight and keep it off can be frustrating, but adopting certain healthy behaviors in your food buying and eating habits can make the challenge of losing weight more manageable.

News briefs

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We're learning more about the link between weight gain and several major classes of antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft), and tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline (Elavil). Research has shown that putting on pounds is a possible short-term side effect of the medications. But a study published May 23, 2018, in The BMJ suggests that antidepressants are also associated with sustained weight gain. Researchers analyzed the health information of more than 300,000 people in the United Kingdom (average age 51) who'd had their weight and body mass index measured at doctor appointments between 2004 and 2014. About 18% had been prescribed antidepressants. During the study period, people who took antidepressants had a 21% higher risk for a 5% or greater weight gain, compared with people who didn't take antidepressants. The risk peaked in the second and third years. There was no evidence of weight gain after seven years. The study was observational and didn't prove that antidepressants cause weight gain. But researchers hope the findings will encourage people to talk to their doctors about weight gain as a possible side effect of antidepressants, and plan for potential and even delayed weight gain if they're using the medications.

The Internet is rife with dubious dietary advice for heart health. Here's how to separate the wheat from the chaff.

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Surfing the Web nearly always involves running into a few ads, blogs, and articles about diet and health. Perhaps you also have relatives or friends who send you links about what you should (or shouldn't) be eating to lose weight, lower your blood pressure, or dodge heart disease.

You might be skeptical enough to avoid clicking on suspicious links, like those once-popular ads promising "one weird trick to banish belly fat." Yet sometimes the advice appears to be from a legitimate source — for instance, a purported world-class heart surgeon who's written books about diet and nutrition. But what if the recommendations run counter to what you've mostly heard about a heart-healthy diet? It's no wonder many people feel confused and frustrated about nutrition.