Home remedies for low back pain

As people enter middle age, they are more likely to experience bouts of low back pain. In fact, according to the Harvard Health Publishing Special Health Report Men's Health: Fifty and Forward, back pain affects about four in five Americans at some point in their lives and equally strikes men and women.

What causes lower back pain?

Age is often the culprit. Over time, the bones and joints in your lower back begin to change. Your discs (the structures that serve as cushions between the bones in the spine) tend to wear out and sometimes become fragmented. These structural alterations sometimes cause pain.

Another cause of low back pain, although it occurs less often, is a herniated disc. Sometimes, a disc pushes outside the space between the bones and compresses a nerve at the point where it branches off the spinal cord. When the sciatic nerve that leads into the buttocks and leg is affected, the pain is called sciatica.

Yet, most cases of low back pain stem from strain or sprain due to simple overuse, unaccustomed activity, excessive lifting, or an accident. In most cases the best move is to wait and see if the pain resolves on its own. If the pain does not improve after three to four days, then it's time to see a doctor.

How to help with lower back pain

Depending on the source of your back pain and its severity, you might try a few home remedies for low back pain to help ease the pain until your back returns to normal. Here are several options to consider:

Cold and heat therapies

It's best to use cold compresses or an ice pack, not heat, immediately following a back injury, since this can alleviate pain by numbing the area and prevent or reduce swelling. About 48 hours after the onset of back pain, though, applying heating pads or a hot-water bottle to your back may be helpful. The warmth soothes and relaxes aching muscles and increases blood flow, which helps the healing process. Keep in mind that heat therapy is only helpful for the first week.

Limited bed rest

Once the mainstay of treatment for back pain, bed rest has fallen out of favor. Doctors now know it's better to keep moving, so that your muscles don't become stiff. Bed rest can still be useful relief from low back pain, particularly if your pain is so severe that it hurts to sit or stand. But try to limit it to a few hours at a time and for no more than one or two days.

Physical activity

Exercise helps build strong, flexible muscles that will be less prone to injury. It can also help the healing process for an aching back, prevent problems in the future, and improve function. Work with your doctor to develop an exercise program, or seek a referral to another health professional who can. A good program typically includes the three major forms of exercise: aerobic activity, strength training, and flexibility exercises.

Complementary therapies

Several types of complementary therapy may be helpful for relief from low back pain. These include:

• acupuncture, in which therapists insert hair-thin sterilized needles into precise points in the body to release blocked energy
• spinal manipulation, in which chiropractors apply pressure directly to the body to correct spinal alignment
• therapeutic massage to relax aching muscles
• movement therapies, such as yoga and tai chi, which can help stretch and strengthen back muscles.

Although the evidence is mixed about whether these therapies are effective, when they do work, it is often when they are combined with the other home remedies for low back pain.

How long does back pain last?

How long your back pain lasts will depend on its cause. For example:

• Back pain caused by strain from overexertion usually subsides over days or weeks.
• Back pain caused by the weight of pregnancy will usually be relieved after delivery of the baby.
• People who are obese may need to lose weight before back pain eases.
• Back pain caused by pyelonephritis is often relieved within days starting antibiotics.
• People with more serious forms of back pain caused by problems with the vertebrae or spinal nerves may have more persistent back pain that lasts for months and may last for years.