How gum disease may raise heart disease risk
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- Reviewed by Robert H. Shmerling, MD, Senior Faculty Editor, Harvard Health Publishing; Editorial Advisory Board Member, Harvard Health Publishing
In the United States, more than 40% of adults over age 30 have periodontal (gum) disease. Emerging evidence suggests that the connection between this common condition and cardiovascular disease is stronger than previously recognized, according to a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
Gum disease starts when bacteria and food build up around the teeth, causing gum inflammation (gingivitis). Left untreated, teeth can loosen and fall out. Numerous studies suggest a link between gum disease and an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and other cardiovascular problems. Some of the connection may come from shared risk factors, including smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. However, gum disease may also have a direct effect: it can allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation that damages blood vessels.
While a direct cause-and-effect relationship has not been proven, studies suggest that regular tooth brushing, flossing, and treating periodontal disease may help prevent cardiovascular problems. The statement was published in the Dec. 16, 2025, issue of Circulation.
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About the Author
Julie Corliss, Executive Editor, Harvard Heart Letter
About the Reviewer
Robert H. Shmerling, MD, Senior Faculty Editor, Harvard Health Publishing; Editorial Advisory Board Member, Harvard Health Publishing
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