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The Aging Eye: Preventing and
treating eye disease
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Glaucoma & Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Four common eye diseases pose the greatest threats
to vision after age 40: cataract, glaucoma, age-related
macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
This report will help you determine your risk
of developing these disorders, describe their
symptoms, and discuss diagnosis and treatment.
You'll also learn to recognize and address other
common eye problems, including presbyopia, dry
eye, floaters and flashes, retinal detachment,
and eyelid problems such as drooping upper or
lower lids.
Prepared by the editors of Harvard Health Publications
in consultation with Laura C. Fine, M.D., Clinical
Instructor in Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical
School, and Jeffrey S. Heier, M.D., Clinical
Instructor in Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical
School. 48 pages. (updated: 2007)
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Table of Contents:
- How the eye works
- Eyeball engineering
- Light in focus
- The art of seeing
- Why aging may cause
problems
- The eye examination
- Testing your vision
- Examining the external
eye
- Examining the internal
eye
- Cataract
- What causes cataract?
- Diagnosing cataract
- Treating cataract
- Cataract surgery
- Preventing cataract
- Glaucoma
- What causes glaucoma?
- Who gets glaucoma?
- Types of glaucoma
- Progression of
glaucoma
- Diagnosing glaucoma
- Monitoring and
treating pressure
- Medications for
glaucoma
- Glaucoma surgery
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- Age-related macular
degeneration (AMD)
- Types of AMD
- Causes and risk
factors
- What to look for
- Diagnosing AMD
- Treating dry AMD
- Treating wet AMD
- Self-care
- Preventing and
slowing AMD
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Preventing diabetic
retinopathy
- Progression of diabetic
retinopathy
- Early detection
- Treating diabetic
retinopathy
- Other common eye
diseases of later life
- Presbyopia: Ready
for reading glasses?
- Eyelid problems
- Dry eyes
- Watery eyes
- Floaters
- Flashes
- Retinal tear or
detachment
- Safeguarding your
sight
- Glossary
- Resources
- Organizations
- Special Heath Reports
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Here's an
Excerpt from this Eye Disease Special Health
Report
Like the rest of your body, your eyes naturally
change throughout your life. These changes occur
gradually and become apparent in later years,
as the structures in and around your eyes become
less efficient. For most people, the first sign
of change is presbyopia, deterioration of close-up
vision. Luckily, this problem can be treated
with reading glasses or bifocals.
However, more serious age-related eye problems
can cause vision loss or visual distortion that
glasses can’t fix. Almost 1 million Americans
older than 40 are considered legally blind, and
another 2.4 million have significantly reduced
vision. The risk of developing vision problems
increases as you get older, especially after
age 65. One dramatic example: People age 80 or
older make up about 8% of the U.S. population,
but account for 69% of people who are blind.
It is possible to prevent many age-related eye
problems. In this report, you’ll read about
why you should have regular eye exams, especially
if you have diabetes or a family history of glaucoma;
how to recognize the risk factors and symptoms
of specific eye diseases; and what steps you
can take to prevent or treat them before your
vision deteriorates further. For example, if
you have diabetes, it’s important to keep
your blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and
cholesterol levels under control to avoid losing
your vision to diabetic retinopathy. Or if you
have early signs of age-related macular degeneration,
talk with your doctor about whether to take vitamin
and zinc supplements. This report also provides
specific information about what you can do to
protect your eyes—and your vision.
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