Independent Living Archive

Using salt substitutes containing potassium chloride instead of using sodium chloride (table salt) may help reduce heart attack and stroke risk. A Harvard study published online Nov. 13, 2021, by The New England Journal of Medicine found that people who consumed the most sodium chloride had a 60% higher risk of a major cardiovascular event (a heart attack, a stroke, cardiac stent placement, or surgery) compared with those who consumed the least. People who consumed the most potassium chloride had a 31% lower risk of a major cardiovascular event compared with the people who consumed the least.

Many conditions affect the feet and can cause pain. Five common problems are bunions, fallen arches, hammertoes, ingrown toenails, and plantar fasciitis. Fortunately, there's a wide range of treatments for relief. New approaches include stretching the calf muscles to improve the way feet fit into orthotic insoles; shock-wave treatment for plantar fasciitis; and minimally invasive surgeries for bunions and hammertoes that involve small instruments and incisions. Tried-and-true therapies include soaking feet when an ingrown toenail causes pain, or wearing a splint at night for plantar fascitis.

The ear can naturally clean its canal of excess wax. However, for hardened wax, people can do home flushing with over-the-counter earwax remover, hydrogen peroxide, or warm baby oil or mineral oil. They should avoid using cotton swabs.

It's a common misconception that sexual orientation develops at an early age and remains stable throughout a person's life. Yet differing forms of sexual fluidity are a common thread in many lives and understanding changes in attraction, identity, and behavior underpinning this can help dispel misconceptions and reduce stigma.

For many people, a visit to the doctor causes anxiety, and discussing sensitive subjects like sexual problems, substance use, or mental health issues is even more likely to induce discomfort. But these discussions can be less anxiety-inducing and more productive if people know what to expect.

The CDC estimates that 70 million Americans suffer from chronic sleep problems. For some, melatonin is believed to be a safe treatment option because it is a hormone produced by our bodies. But evidence of its effectiveness is lacking, and inconsistent quality of product is a concern.

An observational study published online Dec. 6, 2021, by JAMA Internal Medicine found that the risk of developing dementia was 29% lower in people who underwent cataract removal, compared with people who didn't have cataracts removed.

In December 2021, the FDA warned consumers about an increase in supplements tainted with harmful ingredients, particularly supplements promising male enhancement or weight loss.