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How does regular exercise protect against mental decline?

A study published online Aug. 20, 2021, by Nature Metabolism suggests that the hormone irisin, produced during exercise, might have something to do with the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain. Scientists suspect that irisin plays a role protecting the brain against changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, possibly by reducing brain inflammation. Irisin has also been shown to turn white fat cells (which store fat) into brown fat cells (which burn fat), and also to improve insulin resistance. Such changes reduce body weight and protect against both diabetes and heart disease.

Yoga for weight loss: Benefits beyond burning calories

Obesity is a complex disease, and many factors contribute to weight gain and hinder efforts to lose weight. There is no single solution to weight loss, but there is good research that yoga may help manage stress, improve mood, curb emotional eating, and create a community of support, all of which can help with weight loss and maintenance.

How to stay strong and coordinated as you age

Many physical abilities decline with age, along with changes that occur in coordinating the movements of the body. One of the most significant causes of this decline is reduced physical activity. In fact, as people age it becomes even more important to exercise regularly, and regular activity can help improve strength and coordination.

Working out your brain

Cardio exercise has been convincingly linked to less cognitive decline and may even improve cognitive functioning. Research suggests it can strengthen the heart, promote arterial health, improve blood flow to the brain, fight inflammation, and increase key chemicals that promote new brain cell growth. The type of exercise does not matter, but cardio that is both physically challenging and offers mental stimulation is ideal.

High-intensity exercise and your heart

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may improve fitness faster because people exercise harder rather than longer. HIIT features short bursts of high-intensity exercise (usually lasting one to four minutes) interspersed with periods of lower-intensity activity or rest. People who are older or who have heart disease should check with their doctors before trying HIIT. HIIT may produce equal or greater improvements in blood pressure and blood sugar compared with moderate-intensity exercise. But in terms of longevity, both exercise strategies seem to be equally beneficial.

Exercising safely with hearing or vision impairment

Certain adjustments can help someone with vision or hearing problems to exercise safely. For example, it may help to take a buddy on a walk, someone who can act as an extra set of eyes and ears. Stand in the front of an exercise class for a better view and a better chance to hear instructions. And it may help to get additional equipment, such as prescription sports glasses or a remote microphone for a hearing aid.

Exercise challenge: Part 3

Incorporating strength-building exercises into a workout routine can help people retain independence as they age. Exercises should work a combination of muscles. One good combination is as burpees, plank with arm extension, and crossed-legged low squats to eventually standing up from sitting on the ground without using the arms. In addition to helping people maintain independence, strength training can also improve balance and help people achieve a healthy weight.

Master the stairs

Stair climbing is an excellent form of exercise for older adults, as it challenges multiple muscle groups at once, including the quadriceps, glutes, and calves. It also helps improve leg muscle power and overall fitness. There are different places suitable for stair climbing, from stair machines found in most gyms to outdoor stairs like stairways in stadiums to household stairs.

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