Heart Health Archive

Up to half of heart attack survivors experience some form of psychological distress after the event, including depression, anxiety, or stress, according to a 2025 statement from the American Heart Association.

The 2025 blood pressure guidelines recommend starting drugs to treat hypertension if people don't meet blood pressure goals after three to six months of lifestyle changes. The guidelines also recommend that everyone with high blood pressure be screened for primary aldosteronism, and suggest that people with resistant hypertension (stubbornly high blood pressure) consider renal denervation, a procedure that disrupts some of the nerves around the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys.

Visual art in paintings, medical illustrations, and modern digital tools has influenced how people understand the human heart. The bridging of art and the heart dates back to Leonardo da Vinci, whose drawings laid the groundwork for modern cardiology. Today, the intersection of art and the heart may also contribute to healing through advocacy (such as art in public health campaigns), education (such as interactive animations to help people understand the heart), and innovation (such as three-dimensional models to illustrate procedures).

Venous insufficiency can cause swelling in the lower legs and feet, a sense of heaviness in the legs, and in some cases, skin discoloration. Treatments include elevating the legs, walking, and wearing compression stockings.

A scan called retinal optical coherence tomography angiography, which provides detailed, three-dimensional images of blood vessels in the retina, may help identify people who should be screened for atherosclerosis, according to a 2025 study.

A 2025 study found that a high intake of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) was linked to a lower risk of heart-related problems, while intake of common olive oil was not. Higher levels of beneficial polyphenols in EVOO may explain the difference.

An Indian-adapted Mediterranean diet includes vegetarian-focused meals flavored with an array of vibrant spices. The fiber-rich meals contain anti-inflammatory compounds that may provide heart-related health benefits. Healthy protein sources include legumes, featured in dishes such as chana masala (chickpeas in a tomato-based sauce) and dal (a soupy stew made from dried split lentils or peas). Tomatoes, eggplant, and peppers appear often in both the Mediterranean diet and the Indian-adapted version, as do leafy greens such as spinach.

A 2025 study found that using a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to trap tiny particle pollutants may help lower blood pressure for people living near busy roads. Of particular concern are particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter, known as PM_2.5, which creates inflammation that damages blood vessels and contributes to high blood pressure. Nearly a quarter of Americans live near vehicle-congested roads, and many more people are exposed to pollution from wildfire smoke.

Many people with atrial fibrillation (afib) - a rapid, irregular heart rhythm - need to control symptoms, such as the feeling that the heart is racing or fluttering. Medication options include drugs that slow down the heart or help restore its rhythm. Because afib can also increase the risk of blood clots that can lead to a stroke, many of these people also need to take clot-preventing medications.