Obese men tend to have lower PSA concentrations than men with healthier weights. As a result, fewer obese men undergo biopsies, potentially leaving prostate cancer undetected.

A study by Boston researchers found that hormone therapy may increase risk of death from heart disease, especially among patients who have had prostate surgery.

Studies reveal that lycopene, a nutrient found in tomatoes, does not seem to reduce prostate cancer risk.

Historically, the answer has been yes, but mounting evidence suggests that lifestyle factors may influence risk.

A British study finds that repeat biopsies may play an important role in active surveillance for untreated, localized prostate cancer.

Anxiety, not clinical symptoms and disease progression, may sway patients toward treatment.

Blood and tissue levels of chromogranin A (CgA) may be early indication that prostate cancer that won’t respond for long to hormone therapy.

Study finds that finasteride may actually lower the overall risk of prostate cancer and aid in the detection of aggressive tumors. An earlier study had implicated finasteride in the development of these deadlier tumors.

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More research is needed, but taking tadalafil (Cialis) could be helpful for men with BPH.

Researchers have identified several genetic variations that raise prostate cancer risk, variations that may also account for the higher incidence of prostate cancer in African Americans.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have developed a new blood test for prostate cancer, which in a preliminary study proved better than the PSA test at identifying which men have cancer. The new test measures levels of the protein EPCA-2, which — unlike PSA — is produced almost exclusively by cancerous tissue.

I have used finasteride (Proscar) to treat my BPH, and it has reduced the size of my prostate. However, my body’s production of semen has diminished, too. Will switching to dutasteride (Avodart) solve that problem?

Searching PubMed in five easy steps

You can find and read the studies that are referenced on this Web site by searching PubMed, a resource of the National Library of Medicine. The abstracts (short summaries) of the studies are available for free, but in most cases you will have to pay to obtain the full report.

Here’s how to access an abstract:

1. Open up your browser’s window while connected to the Internet. Type www.pubmed.gov and hit return.

In short, yes. If you take Flomax (tamsulosin), be sure to tell your eye doctor before having cataract surgery.

Three doctors describe some surgical options for treating an enlarged prostate, including the ones they think patients prefer.

PSA testing is not merely a prostate cancer screening tool. After treatment, PSA monitoring is the primary method of measuring treatment success and detecting early signs of cancer recurrence.

In a business, due diligence means doing your homework, exploring all the options, and taking reasonable steps to protect yourself. When trying to make a decision about how to treat early-stage prostate cancer, taking time to conduct due diligence is absolutely vital for three reasons:

• No expert consensus exists about which treatment for early-stage prostate cancer is best (or when treatment is best postponed).

An authoritative panel concludes that in older men, the PSA blood test causes more problems than benefits.

A randomized trial of over 35,000 men shows that vitamin E and selenium supplements fail to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. In this video, Dr. Anthony Komaroff discusses the findings.

Understanding PSA

Your PSA level is moderately elevated and increasing at a worrisome rate. Follow-up is needed. However, keep in mind that your risk of prostate cancer still less than 40 percent.

Your options include

• referral to a urologist (prostate specialist)
• repeat PSA testing in several months
• measuring your “free” PSA level — This special way of testing your PSA level may help to decide if a biopsy is needed. High levels of free PSA are reassuring, while low levels are worrisome for cancer.

Understanding PSA

This may be a normal fluctuation in your PSA level. An increase in your PSA of less than 0.75 ng/ml over one year is generally felt to be reassuring. Repeat testing in 3-6 months is a reasonable option. Discuss this with your doctor.

You have reached the end of this guide. What would you like to do?

• Go back to the beginning of this guide.
• Learn more about PSA testing.
• Learn more about prostate cancer.