Could a lost sense of smell signal a health problem?

Q. About six months ago I noticed I can't smell common scents like fresh peaches. I have read about the correlation between declining sense of smell and Alzheimer's disease. My memory has sometimes been faulty for the last few decades. What are the risks of my developing Alzheimer's, and should I consult my doctor about my loss of smell?

A. Two out of three people who lose the ability to smell have had this problem caused by nose or sinus disease or by head trauma. Examples of nose and sinus problems that can result in lost smell (sometimes with long-lasting effects) are viral upper respiratory infections such as COVID-19, sinus infections, nasal polyps, and Sjögren's syndrome (dryness of the mouth, eyes, and nose). Medicines (particularly blood pressure medicines such as beta blocker medicines and ace-inhibitor medicines, or in some cases thyroid medication) are sometimes the cause of changes in smell.

Aging can also result in smell loss; a modest change in your smelling is a normal part of aging, but it is not usually very noticeable.

You are correct that Alzheimer's disease can result in noticeable abnormal smelling ability. This is also the case for Parkinson's disease. Changes in smelling occur very gradually in these conditions. For most people who develop dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other neurologic disease, problems with smell are not obvious until the brain condition has progressed to an advanced stage.

It may be helpful for you to review your medical history, medications, and any nasal or sinus symptoms with a medical professional.

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