Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become more porous and less dense than healthy bones. This makes bones thin and weak, increasing the risk of fractures. The most vulnerable areas are the wrists, hips, and spine.

Osteoporosis itself, in the absence of a fracture, causes no symptoms, and most people with the disease are unaware of their condition until they break a bone or take a bone density test.

Osteoporosis affects more women than men. Aging is the most common risk factor. Other contributing factors to osteoporosis include smoking, heavy alcohol use, family history of the disease, and chronic diseases of the kidneys, lungs, stomach, or intestines.

In addition, some drugs, when used over the long term, can significantly increase osteoporosis risk. An example is corticosteroids, which are used to treat inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.

Medications are available to help prevent or slow loss of bone density and improve bone health. Lifestyle changes, such as staying physically active, not smoking, eating healthy foods, and getting enough calcium and vitamin D, can also help keep bones healthy and strong.