Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration, also called age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is an eye disease that affects people’s central vision. AMD damages the macula, the part of the eye responsible for seeing sharp details at the center of the field of vision.

AMD is a common eye health problem and is the leading cause of permanent close-up (reading) vision impairment in people 65 and older.

There are two forms: dry AMD and the more advanced wet AMD. People with AMD often report that their vision is distorted or blurred. They may not clearly see objects directly in front of them, which interferes with driving, recognizing faces, and watching television. Eventually, they may develop a blind spot or severe distortion in the middle of their field of vision that increases in size as the disease progresses. However, AMD rarely, if ever, causes complete blindness.

The causes of AMD are not well understood. Age is the most critical risk factor. Cigarette smoking, high cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure may also increase your risk. Caucasians are most susceptible to AMD, followed by Asians and Hispanics. Women develop the disease more often than men.