Heart Health Archive

Careful preparation — including a consultation with your doctor — can help you stay safe.

 Image: © arpenko_ilia/Thinkstock

Whether you're a lifelong fitness enthusiast or returning to exercise after a hiatus, training for a triathlon could be a welcome way to focus your workout. These competitions, which combine swimming, bicycling, and running, have grown in popularity in recent years, including among older adults. According to USA Triathlon, the sport's governing body, more than 40% of all members are in the 40-to-59 age group — and some are in their 80s.

However, a recent study documenting the odds of dying during these events may have given pause to some would-be triathletes (see "Death and cardiac arrest in triathletes"). That's unfortunate, because the risk is really, really low, says Dr. Aaron L. Baggish, director of the Cardiovascular Performance Program at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital. "These findings shouldn't scare people away from doing triathlons. But the study does identify some issues about these events that are worth understanding," he says.

Dozens of clinics offer unproven stem cell therapies for heart failure. Despite steady progress, this experimental treatment is not ready for prime time.

 Illustration: Scott Leighton

A heart attack cuts off blood flow to part of the heart's muscle, usually causing lasting damage. Over time — especially in people with repeat heart attacks — the resulting scar tissue can hinder the heart's ability to function normally, leading to heart failure.

For nearly two decades, scientists have studied how stem cells might repair a damaged heart and restore its function. These unique cells, which have the potential to grow into a variety of heart cell types, can be made from other cells (see "What's new in cardiac regeneration?").

Friendly competition and other aspects of "gamification" may help people become more active.

If you're one of those people who meet their goal of 10,000 steps on most days, good for you. If you're not — and if exercising feels like a chore — maybe you just need to get your game on.

People who turned their step counts into a competition boosted their daily walking distance by almost a mile, according to a new study. The six-month-long study included 94 families who tracked their daily step counts with a wearable device or a smartphone. Half were randomly chosen for the "gamification" arm of the study, which was designed to encourage collaboration, accountability, and team spirit. These families received small prizes tied to achieving daily and weekly step goals. Just over half of the participants were women, and their average age was 55.

Research we're watching

Sleeping either too little or too much has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. But how much do other interconnected factors — namely, activity levels and body weight — affect this observation?

In an effort to find out, researchers studied nearly 240,000 healthy adults ages 51 to 72 who were part of a nationwide health study. The investigators examined the influence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, television viewing, and body mass index on sleep duration and death rates.

Research we're watching

Among people who have atrial fibrillation (afib), those who take anti-clotting medications may be less likely to develop dementia later in life than those who don't take the drugs, a new study finds.

Afib, a disorder marked by a rapid, irregular heartbeat, raises the risk of stroke as well as dementia. Anti-clotting drugs are known to lower the risk of stroke, but the drugs' effects on dementia weren't clear. So Swedish researchers examined hospital and pharmacy registry data from nearly half a million people who were diagnosed with afib between 2006 and 2014.

Research we're watching

New research supports the old adage that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. A study of more than 4,000 middle-aged adults in Spain found that those who ate breakfast were less likely to have artery-clogging plaque (atherosclerosis) than those who avoided a morning meal.

On average, the participants ate just over 2,300 calories per day. Nearly 3% didn't eat breakfast, while about 27% ate a hearty breakfast and nearly 70% ate a skimpier breakfast. Researchers used ultrasound to check their arteries for early evidence of atherosclerosis, as they described in the October 2017 Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

In the journals

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been considered dangerous for people who have electronic heart devices like pacemakers and defibrillators implanted in their bodies. Now, a study published online Aug. 14, 2017, by the Journal of Clinical Electrophysiology suggests the scans are safe for most people with these devices.

Until recently, most devices were not FDA-approved for MRI. They had been considered risky because it was feared that the high-strength magnetic fields used for the scanning could disrupt a pacemaker's or defibrillator's circuits. Yet, when researchers reviewed 212 MRI examinations involving 178 patients with these nonapproved devices, they did not find a single problem with how they functioned. The researchers concluded that MRI is safe for someone with a device implanted after 2000, as long as the device is checked before and after the procedure and its pacing function is monitored during the scan.

News briefs

People with coronary artery disease or strong risk factors for developing it are often treated with statin drugs. Statins were developed to treat high levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol, because such high levels increase the risk of coronary artery disease. Studies convincingly showed that statins do indeed reduce both cholesterol and the risk of coronary artery disease, as expected. However, a large Harvard study published in 2008 found that statins also lowered the risk even in people with normal LDL levels. Why? Many doctors speculated that the reason might be that statins also reduce inflammation, another contributor to heart attacks and stroke. A new Harvard study, published online August 27, 2017, by The New England Journal of Medicine used a novel medication called canakinumab, which attacks inflammation but does not lower LDL cholesterol. The study involved over 10,000 people who had suffered a heart attack and whose blood showed a modest level of inflammation. The inflammation-fighting medicine lowered the rates of heart attacks, strokes, and death from heart disease. This study supports the theory that the beneficial effects of statins may result from their ability to both lower cholesterol and tamp down inflammation. It also will lead to further study of this new drug as well as other treatments for inflammation.

In the journals

A study published in the September 2017 issue of JAMA Internal Medicine found that doctors may prescribe an electrocardiogram (ECG) as part of an annual health examination even for people at low risk for heart disease. The study looked at about 3.6 million people with no history of heart problems, like heart attack, high blood pressure, or diabetes, who had at least one routine exam over a five-year period. Of these people, 21.5% had an ECG within 30 days after their exam.

The researchers found that those who got the ECG were five times more likely to get further cardiology testing that not only increased out-of-pocket costs, but also raised their risks of radiation exposure and complications from additional procedures. The addition of an ECG did not appear to offer additional benefits, as the rates of death, heart-related hospitalizations, and bypass surgery were equally low in both the ECG and non-ECG groups at the one-year follow-up.