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- What is the test?
- How do I prepare for the test?
- What happens when the test is performed?
- What risks are there from the test?
- Must I do anything special after the test is over?
- How long is it before the result of the test is known?
What is the test?
A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast used either to screen for breast cancers that are too small to be felt or to help determine if a lump felt in the breast is caused by cancer or something else. Mammography detects 85%-90% of breast cancers, including tiny cancers that may measure less than a quarter-inch. Generally, a lump can't be felt until it's at least twice that size. Most authorities agree that women should have a mammogram every year starting at age 40; all agree it should be done annually after age 50.
How do I prepare for the test?
Avoid using deodorant or powder on your underarms or breasts on the day of your mammogram because they can make the x-ray picture hard to interpret.
What happens when the test is performed?
Most mammograms are done at a hospital radiology department or in a radiology office.You undress from the waist up. Two pictures are usually taken of each breast-one from the side and one from the top. Before each picture is taken, your breast will be pressed briefly and firmly but gently between two flat plates for about 10 seconds so that the tissue is spread out. This is necessary for the x-ray to show a clear view of all areas of the breast. You may find this part of the procedure uncomfortable, but it doesn't last long. If certain areas of the breast don't show up clearly in the x-rays, the radiologist may need to take additional views.
What risks are there from the test?
Essentially none. Mammography uses very low levels of radiation. There is no damage done to the breast when it is pressed flat for the pictures.
Must I do anything special after the test is over?
No.
How long is it before the result of the test is known?
Some mammogram centers will give you a preliminary report within 10 or 20 minutes, but most take a few days to issue a final report. If the mammogram suggests the presence of a mass or cyst, your doctor will recommend additional tests, such as a breast ultrasound, to collect more information.
